Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury management has been transformed by neuromodulation, with Onward ARC-EX gaining FDA approval and multiple platforms in trials. The session covers epidural and transcutaneous spinal stimulation (Onward ARC-EX, ARC-IM, eXcelsior), robotic gait training (Lokomat, Andago, Wandercraft Atalante), neuropathic pain management in SCI, autonomic dysfunction including dysreflexia and orthostatic intolerance, regenerative approaches (Pre-IND scaffold-cell trials), and the multidisciplinary SCI care model. Discussion addresses functional electrical stimulation closed-loop systems, exoskeleton-assisted ambulation for home use, bowel and bladder management innovation, pressure-injury prevention with sensor technology, and quality-of-life outcomes beyond walking.