Functional Neurological Disorders

FND has emerged from rule-of-exclusion to positive diagnosis with growing evidence-based treatment. The session covers positive diagnostic signs (Hoover, Hoover's, give-way weakness, drift without pronation, midline-splitting sensory loss, tubular vision), CBT and physiotherapy for FND, the role of trauma history but not as requirement, multidisciplinary FND clinic models (UK NHS pathway, Mass General FND), functional movement disorders subtypes, and functional seizures (PNES). Discussion addresses pediatric FND, FND in long COVID, the comparison of FND with classical conversion disorder framework, stigma and communication with patients, and the integration of psychiatry, neurology and physiotherapy in care delivery.