Restless Legs Syndrome

RLS management addresses augmentation and treatment refractoriness with growing evidence for non-dopaminergic approaches. The session covers gabapentinoids as first-line treatment (gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin), iron supplementation (IV ferric carboxymaltose, ferric derisomaltose) and the iron-RLS link, dopamine-agonist augmentation problem and management, opioid use in refractory RLS (the OPEN OPRAH framework), the link between RLS and cardiovascular outcomes including hypertension, and pediatric RLS management. Discussion addresses periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), RLS in pregnancy, RLS in kidney disease and dialysis, the genetics of RLS (BTBD9, MEIS1), and emerging targets including dipraglurant and adenosine-receptor modulators.