Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunological diseases have undergone therapeutic revolution with multiple new mechanisms approved. The session covers BTK inhibitors in MS (evobrutinib, tolebrutinib, fenebrutinib phase 3 readouts), anti-CD19 cellular therapy in MS, NMOSD and MG (axiom-CD19 trials), aquaporin-4 NMOSD therapy (ravulizumab, satralizumab, eculizumab), MOGAD diagnostic criteria and management, myasthenia gravis FcRn inhibitors (efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab, nipocalimab), and CAR-T in refractory autoimmune neurology. Discussion addresses paraneoplastic syndromes and autoimmune encephalitis, the role of antibody profiling, neuroimmune biomarkers (NfL, GFAP), pregnancy considerations, and the equity considerations in expensive immunotherapy access.